Flávio Bolsonaro vows to 're-democratise' Brazil after first-round win

Critics say vow echoes father’s convicted coup attempt

Flávio Bolsonaro, whom The Guardian describes as the far-right frontrunner in Brazil’s presidential race, said at a campaign event on Tuesday in Goiânia that he would “re-democratise” the country. He finished ahead of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in Sunday’s first-round vote and goes into the 25 October runoff as the favourite.

“The only thing standing in the way of Brazil becoming a barbarity is called Flávio Bolsonaro as president,” he claimed at a campaign event in Goiânia, a city near the capital, Brasília. He vowed to capitalise on what The Guardian described as the hugely increased far-right presence in Congress after the election to change the constitution and “re-democratise this country”.

The Guardian reported that the incendiary comments caused outrage among historians and opponents of Bolsonaro’s radical populist movement, who accused him of co-opting the language of democracy to disguise an illiberal shift. Talíria Petrone, the leftwing congresswoman, wrote on X: “This is the announcement of a coup.” Marcelo Freixo, a newly elected congressman from Lula’s Workers’ Party (PT), said: “Brazil was re-democratised in 1988. The person who tried to undo this was his father, who was convicted of an attempted coup. What they want, once again, is a coup.”

Brazil was re-democratised in the 1980s after a brutal 21-year dictatorship that Flávio’s father, the convicted former president Jair Bolsonaro, has long praised. Freixo’s 1988 reference is to the constitution Brazil enacted as it emerged from military rule. Last year, Jair Bolsonaro, a former soldier who served under that military regime, was jailed for 27 years for trying to engineer a coup after he lost the 2022 election to the current leftwing president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. He has also praised authoritarian leaders including Chile’s former dictator Augusto Pinochet, and has long hankered for a return to military rule. Last September, Brazil’s supreme court found him guilty of trying to convince military chiefs to help him cling to power at the end of his 2018-2022 presidency. The conspiracy culminated in the 8 January 2023 riots in Brasília, which The Guardian described as a far-right insurrection seemingly inspired by the January 6 storming of the US Capitol.

Writing in the newspaper O Globo, Míriam Leitão, a prominent political and economic journalist, warned that if Flávio Bolsonaro won, Brazil faced “the extreme and concrete danger of … another coup d’état attempt”. “Flávio follows the same ideas as his father and has already said that an intervention in the institutions is necessary,” Leitão wrote. “If Flávio Bolsonaro is elected, he will have more tools at his disposal to carry out his father’s authoritarian project: robust caucuses in the lower house and senate, a weakened supreme court, and the support of the Donald Trump administration. Political science shows that it’s in the second term that an autocrat doubles down on their plan. Look at the case of Donald Trump. The risk isn’t of the son repeating the father, it’s that he surpasses him,” Leitão said.

The Guardian described Sunday’s result as a far-right election triumph: Bolsonaro’s Liberal party (PL) secured the Senate’s largest caucus, with 28 of its 81 seats. Political scientist Miguel Lago said the parliamentary arithmetic would permit radical changes, including the impeachment of supreme court ministers considered enemies of the Bolsonarismo movement. “It’s better than a coup d’état … it’s almost like a coup d’état with the support of the majority of the population,” Lago said. According to The Guardian, Jair Bolsonaro and his jailed co-conspirators are also likely to be freed if his son wins, with the former president expected to become an influential minister able to select the new heads of the armed forces.

The comment echoed concerns raised about El Salvador, where President Nayib Bukele, whom The Guardian describes as authoritarian, has been accused of “killing” democracy by using control over the country’s congress and institutions to approve sweeping constitutional changes, including scrapping presidential term limits so he can seek indefinite re-election. Flávio Bolsonaro recently met Bukele’s security minister, Gustavo Villatoro, in São Paulo, hailing the Central American country’s hardline security policies, which have seen thousands jailed during a state of exception that has lasted nearly five years. Bolsonaro told reporters that during their conversation, Villatoro “stressed the importance” of using control of congress to make the “necessary legal changes”.

Bolsonaro did not spell out what he meant by “re-democratising” Brazil. The Guardian describes the country as a vibrant if polarised multi-party democracy; the Sweden-based V-Dem Institute ranks it 28th on its liberal democracy index, two places ahead of the United Kingdom and 23 ahead of the United States. On Tuesday, the president of Bolsonaro’s party, Valdemar Costa Neto, said that if Flávio Bolsonaro became president, he would release his father, who would then be “a strong candidate” in the 2030 presidential election.

The 25 October runoff will determine whether Lula, 80, or Flávio Bolsonaro, 45, wins the presidency.